Network science reveals the early signs of L1 lexical attrition: Introducing the Lexical Attrition Foundation (LeAF) framework

• Adel Chaouch-Orozco ^[2] ; Fernando Martín-Villena ^[1]
  1. [1] Universitat Pompeu Fabra

     Universitat Pompeu Fabra

     Barcelona, España

     
  2. [2] The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
• Localización: Bilingualism: Language and cognition, ISSN 1366-7289, Vol. 28, Nº 1, 2025, págs. 43-53
• Idioma: inglés
• DOI: 10.1017/S1366728924000063
• Texto completo no disponible (Saber más ...)
• Resumen

  • L1 lexical attrition is the decline of L1 lexical-semantic abilities due to reduced L1 exposure and/or L2 interference. Semantic fluency tasks are central in this research, but traditional analyses are often inconclusive.

    To address this, we employed an innovative network science approach to investigate the bilingual lexicon's structural properties. Semantic fluency data were collected from immersed/non-immersed late bilinguals with comparable L2 proficiencies.

    Our results indicate that L2 immersion led to more integrated and efficient L2 networks. Crucially, immersion also resulted in L1 attrition (only evident in the network analysis). Immersed participants exhibited less densely connected and sparser L1 networks. Furthermore, network measures suggest that L1 lexical attrition occurs gradually, initially impacting network interconnectivity, while information flow and community structure remain more stable.

    Drawing from these insights, we introduce the Lexical Attrition Foundation (LeAF) framework, offering a network-based perspective on lexical attrition development and laying the groundwork for future research.

• Referencias bibliográficas
  • Abbott, J. T., Austerweil, J. L., & Griffiths, T. L. (2015). Random walks on semantic networks can resemble optimal foraging. Psychological...
  • Ardila, A., Ostrosky-Solís, F., & Bernal, B. (2006). Cognitive testing toward the future: The example of Semantic Verbal Fluency (ANIMALS)....
  • Bahrick, H. P., Hall, L. K., Goggin, J. P., Bahrick, L. E., & Berger, S. A. (1994). Fifty years of language maintenance and language dominance...
  • Barabási, A. L., & Albert, R. (1999). Emergence of scaling in random networks. Science, 286(5439), 509–512.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
  • Baus, C., Costa, A., & Carreiras, M. (2013). On the effects of second language immersion on first language production. Acta Psychologica,...
  • Birdsong, D., Gertken, L. M., & Amengual, M. (2012). Bilingual Language Profile: An easy-to-use instrument to assess bilingualism. Austin,...
  • Birn, R. M., Kenworthy, L., Case, L., Caravella, R., Jones, T. B., Bandettini, P. A., & Martin, A. (2010). Neural systems supporting lexical...
  • Boccaletti, S., Latora, V., Moreno, Y., Chavez, M., & Hwang, D. U. (2006). Complex networks: Structure and dynamics. Physics Reports,...
  • Borodkin, K., Kenett, Y. N., Faust, M., & Mashal, N. (2016). When pumpkin is closer to onion than to squash: The structure of the second...
  • Casado, A., Walther, J., Wolna, A., Szewczyk, J., Sorace, A., & Wodniecka, Z. (2023). Advantages of visiting your home country: how brief...
  • Castro, N., & Siew, C. S. Q. (2020). Contributions of modern network science to the cognitive sciences: Revisiting research spirals of...
  • Castro, N., Stella, M., & Siew, C. S. Q. (2020). Quantifying the interplay of semantics and phonology during failures of word retrieval...
  • Chamorro, G., Sorace, A., & Sturt, P. (2016). What is the source of L1 attrition? The effect of recent L1 re-exposure on Spanish speakers...
  • Chang, C. B. (2012) Rapid and multifaceted effects of second-language learning on first-language speech production. Journal of Phonetics,...
  • Chaouch-Orozco, A., González Alonso, J., & Rothman, J. (2021). Individual differences in bilingual word recognition: The role of experiential...
  • Chaouch-Orozco, A., González Alonso, J., Duñabeitia, J. A., & Rothman, J. (2023). The elusive impact of L2 immersion on translation priming....
  • Christensen, A. P., & Kenett, Y. N. (2021). Semantic network analysis (SemNA): A tutorial on preprocessing, estimating, and analyzing...
  • Christensen, A. P., Kenett, Y. N., Cotter, K. N., Beaty, R. E., & Silvia, P. J. (2018). Remotely close associations: Openness to experience...
  • Collins, A. M., & Loftus, E. F. (1975). A spreading-activation theory of semantic processing. Psychological Review, 82(6), 407–428.CrossRefGoogle...
  • Cosgrove, A. L., Kenett, Y. N., Beaty, R. E., & Diaz, M. T. (2021). Quantifying flexibility in thought: The resiliency of semantic networks...
  • Costa, A., & Sebastián-Gallés, N. (2014). How does the bilingual experience sculpt the brain? Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 15(5), 336–345.CrossRefGoogle...
  • Csardi, G., & Nepusz, T. (2006). The igraph software package for complex network research. InterJournal, Complex Systems, 1695(5), 1–9.Google...
  • De Deyne, S., Navarro, D. J., Perfors, A., & Storms, G. (2016). Structure at every scale: A semantic network account of the similarities...
  • de Leeuw, E., Mennen, I., & Scobbie, J. (2012). Singing a different tune in your native language: L1 attrition of prosody. International...
  • Denervaud, S., Christensen, A. P., Kenett, Y. N., & Beaty, R. E. (2021). Education shapes the structure of semantic memory and impacts...
  • Dussias, P. E., & Sagarra, N. (2007). The effect of exposure on syntactic parsing in Spanish–English bilinguals. Bilingualism: Language...
  • Feng, X., & Liu, J. (2023). The developmental trajectories of L2 lexical-semantic networks. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications,...
  • Friesen, D. C., Luo, L., Luk, G., & Bialystok, E. (2015). Proficiency and control in verbal fluency performance across the lifespan for...
  • Gallo, F., Bermudez-Margaretto, B., Shtyrov, Y., Abutalebi, J., Kreiner, H., Chitaya, T., Petrova, A., & Myachykov, A. (2021). First language...
  • Gargiulo, C., & van de Weijer, J. (2020). Anaphora resolution in L1 Italian in a Swedish-speaking environment before and after L1 re-immersion:...
  • Jarvis, S. (2019). Lexical attrition. In Schmid, M. S. and Köpke, B. (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Language Attrition (pp. 241–50). Oxford...
  • Kamada, T., & Kawai, S. (1989). An algorithm for drawing general undirected graphs. Information Processing Letters, 31(1), 7–15.CrossRefGoogle...
  • Kenett, Y. N., Wechsler-Kashi, D., Kenett, D. Y., Schwartz, R. G., Ben-Jacob, E., & Faust, M. (2013). Semantic organization in children...
  • Kenett, Y. N., Anaki, D., & Faust, M. (2014). Investigating the structure of semantic networks in low and high creative persons. Frontiers...
  • Kenett, Y. N., Beaty, R. E., Silvia, P. J., Anaki, D., & Faust, M. (2016a). Structure and flexibility: Investigating the relation between...
  • Kenett, Y. N., Gold, R., & Faust, M. (2016b). The hyper-modular associative mind: a computational analysis of associative responses of...
  • Kenett, Y. N., Levi, E., Anaki, D., & Faust, M. (2017). The semantic distance task: Quantifying semantic distance with semantic network...
  • Köpke, B., & Schmid, M. S. (2004). Language attrition: The next phase. First language attrition: Interdisciplinary perspectives on methodological...
  • Levy, B. J., McVeigh, N. D., Marful, A., & Anderson, M. C. (2007). Inhibiting your native language: The role of retrieval-induced forgetting...
  • Levy, O., Kenett, Y. N., Oxenberg, O., Castro, N., De Deyne, S., Vitevitch, M. S., & Havlin, S. (2021). Unveiling the nature of interaction...
  • Li, P., & Xu, Q. (2022). Computational modeling of bilingual language learning: Current models and future directions. Language Learning,...
  • Li, Y., Kenett, Y. N., Hu, W., & Beaty, R. E. (2021). Flexible semantic network structure supports the production of creative metaphor....
  • Linck, J. A., Kroll, J. F., & Sunderman, G. (2009). Losing access to the native language while immersed in a second language: Evidence...
  • Luo, L., Luk, G., & Bialystok, E. (2010). Effect of language proficiency and executive control on verbal fluency performance in bilinguals....
  • Malt, B. C., Li, P., Pavlenko, A., Zhu, H., & Ameel, E. (2015). Bidirectional lexical interaction in late immersed Mandarin–English bilinguals....
  • Mickan, A., McQueen, J. M., Brehm, L., & Lemhöfer, K. (2023). Individual differences in foreign language attrition: a 6-month longitudinal...
  • Patra, A., Bose, A., & Marinis, T. (2020). Performance difference in verbal fluency in bilingual and monolingual speakers. Bilingualism:...
  • R Core Team (2023). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. https://R-project.orgGoogle...
  • Schmid, M. S. (2007). The role of L1 use for L1 attrition. In Köpke, B., Schmid, M. S., Keijzer, M. & Dostert, S. (Eds), Language attrition....
  • Schmid, M. S. (2011). Language attrition. Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  • Schmid, M. S. (2019). The impact of frequency of use and length of residence on L1 attrition. In Schmid, M. S. & Köpke, B. (Eds.), The...
  • Schmid, M. S., & Dusseldorp, E. (2010). Quantitative analyses in a multivariate study of language attrition: The impact of extralinguistic...
  • Schmid, M. S., & Jarvis, S. (2014). Lexical access and lexical diversity in first language attrition. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition,...
  • Schmid, M. S., & Karayayla, T. (2020). The roles of age, attitude, and use in first language development and attrition of Turkish–English...
  • Schmid, M. S., & Köpke, B. (2009). L1 attrition and the mental lexicon. In Pavlenko, A. (Ed.), The bilingual mental lexicon: Interdisciplinary...
  • Schmid, M. S., & Köpke, B. (2017). The relevance of first language attrition to theories of bilingual development. Linguistic Approaches...
  • Schmid, M. S., & Yilmaz, G. (2021). Lexical access in L1 attrition – competition versus frequency: A comparison of Turkish and Moroccan...
  • Schmid, M. S., & Köpke, B. (Eds.). (2019). The Oxford Handbook of Language Attrition. (Cherciov, M., Karayayla, T., Keijzer, M., De Leeuw,...
  • Shao, Z., Janse, E., Visser, K., & Meyer, A. S. (2014). What do verbal fluency tasks measure? Predictors of verbal fluency performance...
  • Siew, C. S. Q., & Guru, A. (2023). Investigating the network structure of domain-specific knowledge using the semantic fluency task. Memory...
  • Siew, C. S. Q., & Vitevitch, M. (2019). The phonographic language network: Using network science to investigate the phonological and orthographic...
  • Siew, C. S. Q., Wulff, D. U., Beckage, N. M., & Kenett, Y. N. (2019). Cognitive network science: A review of research on cognition through...
  • Stella, M. (2020). Multiplex networks quantify robustness of the mental lexicon to catastrophic concept failures, aphasic degradation and...
  • Stella, M., Beckage, N. M., Brede, M., & De Domenico, M. (2018). Multiplex model of mental lexicon reveals explosive learning in humans....
  • Steyvers, M., & Tenenbaum, J. B. (2005). The large-scale structure of semantic networks: Statistical analyses and a model of semantic...
  • Taler, V., Johns, B. T., Young, K., Sheppard, C., & Jones, M. N. (2013). A computational analysis of semantic structure in bilingual verbal...
  • Troyer, A. K. (2000). Normative data for clustering and switching on verbal fluency tasks. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology,...
  • Troyer, A. K., Moscovitch, M., & Winocur, G. (1997). Clustering and switching as two components of verbal fluency: evidence from younger...
  • Tsimpli, I., Sorace, A., Heycock, C., & Filiaci, F. (2004). First language attrition and syntactic subjects: A study of Greek and Italian...
  • Viger, F., & Latapy, M. (2016). Efficient and simple generation of random simple connected graphs with prescribed degree sequence. Journal...
  • Vitevitch, M. S. (2022). What can network science tell us about phonology and language processing?. Topics in Cognitive Science, 14(1), 127–142.CrossRefGoogle...
  • Voorspoels, W., Storms, G., Longenecker, J., Verheyen, S., Weinberger, D. R., & Elvevåg, B. (2014). Deriving semantic structure from category...
  • Yağmur, K. (1997). First language attrition among Turkish speakers in Sydney. Tilburg University Press.Google Scholar
  • Yilmaz, G., & Schmid, M. S. (2012). L1 accessibility among Turkish-Dutch bilinguals. The Mental Lexicon, 7(3), 249–274.CrossRefGoogle...