Acceso usuarios
Juan Pedro Rica Peromingo 
, Ángela Sáenz Herrero
El surgimiento del cinematógrafo marcó el inicio de la historia del cine, así como la evolución del lenguaje audiovisual y de nuevas formas de interacción entre el público y las imágenes en movimiento. En este contexto emergieron también las primeras manifestaciones de lo que más tarde se conocería como traducción audiovisual. Durante la etapa de los early films, aún en desarrollo, comenzaron a establecerse las convenciones narrativas y visuales del medio cinematográfico. En este proceso, figuras como los narradores desempeñaron un papel clave: no solo facilitaban la comprensión de las películas a un público mayoritariamente analfabeto, sino que también contribuyeron a hacer accesible este nuevo arte. Este estudio examina algunos de los factores que pueden considerarse como antecedentes de la accesibilidad cinematográfica en el contexto español. A pesar de la escasez de documentación escrita o sonora sobre los discursos de estos narradores, se han identificado referencias puntuales en estudios de Sánchez Salas (1998, 2004, 2008, 2016), Montero Domínguez (2019, 2022) y Mirabent Espinosa (2016). Como ejemplo ilustrativo, se analiza el caso de Ramos de Castro, actor y narrador, quien en 1941 grabó comentarios explicativos para la película The Rent Collector (1921), lo que permite vislumbrar esta práctica de mediación audiovisual.
The appearance of the cinematograph marked the starting point of the history of cinema, the evolution of audiovisual language, interaction and communication between the audience and new steps in what would become audiovisual translation. The first films, known as early films, were in their first stages of development, a time when the rules and conventions of cinema were established, which the public was progressively learning, thanks, among other elements and devices, to the intervention of figures such as narrators who, in addition to explaining and making these celluloids accessible to the vast majority of the illiterate public, played a fundamental role in the comprehension of the films. The aim of this study is to examine the factors that, in our opinion, could be considered as the first steps towards accessibility in the film environment in the Spanish context. These interactions played a crucial role in the understanding of the first films by the audience, most of whom were illiterate and enthusiastic about this new art form.There is an absence of written evidence for these comments by narrators in Spain, with the exception of the notes collected in Sánchez Salas (1998, 2004, 2008a, 2008b), Montero Domínguez (2019) and Mirabent Espinosa (2016). There are no sound records or complete script writings. However, as a sample, we have extracted the comments of an actor and a narrator, Ramos de Castro, who, years later (1941), added his comments to The rent Collector (1921) film. Regrettably, this record has disappeared after the study that has been carried out.
