Reversal rewards drive language switching during observational learning: Evidence from a dual-brain EEG study

• Huang, Junjun ^[1] ; Lv, Mengjie ^[1] ; Xiang, Yingyi ^[1] ; Liu, Shuang ^[1] ; Shen, Yujing ^[1] ; Schwieter, John W. ^[2] ; Liu, Huanhuan ^[1]
  1. [1] Liaoning Normal University

     Liaoning Normal University

     China

     
  2. [2] Language Acquisition, Multilingualism, and Cognition Laboratory / Bilingualism Matters, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Canada Department of Linguistics and Languages, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
• Localización: Bilingualism: Language and cognition, ISSN 1366-7289, Vol. 28, Nº 5, 2025, págs. 1227-1238
• Idioma: inglés
• DOI: 10.1017/s1366728925000070
• Texto completo no disponible (Saber más ...)
• Resumen

  • Research on the cognitive neural mechanisms of language control often overlooks the role of rewards. To investigate how reversal rewards affect bilingual language switching during observational learning, we conducted a dual-brain electroencephalography (EEG) study. Participants, classified as direct learners or observers, performed a voluntary language-switching task under dynamic reward conditions. Our results demonstrated that both direct learners and observers exhibited high correct acquisition rates for the switch and non-switch behaviors in both pre- and post-reversal phases. Notably, direct learners and observers showed reduced switch costs in the post-reversal phase, highlighting enhanced language control efficiency. EEG analyses revealed that direct learners exhibited late positive component (LPC) switch costs in both pre- and post-reversal phases, while observers showed LPC switch costs only in the post-reversal phase. These findings support the Adaptive Control Hypothesis by highlighting the adaptability of language control mechanisms in response to dynamic reward environments during direct and observational learning.

• Referencias bibliográficas
  • Abutalebi, J., Annoni, J. M., Zimine, I., Pegna, A. J., Seghier, M. L., Lee-Jahnke, H.,…& Khateb, A. (2008). Language control and lexical...
  • Abutalebi, J., Della Rosa, P. A., Ding, G., Weekes, B., Costa, A., & Green, D. W. (2013). Language proficiency modulates the engagement...
  • Allan, D. (2004). Oxford placement test 2: Test pack. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Anderson, J. A., Chung-Fat-Yim, A., Bellana, B., Luk, G., & Bialystok, E. (2018). Language and cognitive control networks in bilinguals...
  • Bartolo, R., & Averbeck, B. B. (2020). Prefrontal cortex predicts state switches during reversal learning. Neuron, 106(6), 1044–1054.
  • Blanco-Elorrieta, E., & Pylkkänen, L. (2016). Bilingual language control in perception versus action: MEG reveals comprehension control...
  • Blanco-Elorrieta, E., & Pylkkänen, L. (2017). Bilingual language switching in the laboratory versus in the wild: The spatiotemporal dynamics...
  • Botvinick, M., & Braver, T. (2015). Motivation and cognitive control: From behavior to neural mechanism. Annual Review of Psychology,...
  • Brysbaert, M., & New, B. (2009). Moving beyond Kučera and Francis: A critical evaluation of current word frequency norms and the introduction...
  • Burke, C. J., Tobler, P. N., Baddeley, M., & Schultz, W. (2010). Neural mechanisms of observational learning. Proceedings of the National...
  • Cai, Q., & Brysbaert, M. (2010). SUBTLEX-CH: Chinese word and character frequencies based on film subtitles. PloS ONE, 5(6), e10729.
  • Charpentier, C. J., Iigaya, K., & O’Doherty, J. P. (2020). A neuro-computational account of arbitration between choice imitation and goal...
  • Chiew, K. S., & Braver, T. S. (2014). Dissociable influences of reward motivation and positive emotion on cognitive control. Cognitive,...
  • Crinion, J., Turner, R., Grogan, A., Hanakawa, T., Noppeney, U., Devlin, J. T., … & Price, C. J. (2006). Language control in the bilingual...
  • de Bruin, A., Samuel, A. G., & Duñabeitia, J. A. (2018). Voluntary language switching: When and why do bilinguals switch between their...
  • Declerck, M., Kleinman, D., & Gollan, T. H. (2020). Which bilinguals reverse language dominance and why? Cognition, 204, 104384.
  • Donaldson, K. R., Oumeziane, B. A., Hélie, S., & Foti, D. (2016). The temporal dynamics of reversal learning: P3 amplitude predicts valence-specific...
  • Donchin, E., & Coles, M. G. (1988). Is the P300 component a manifestation of context updating? Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 11(3), 357–374.
  • Farashahi, S., Donahue, C. H., Khorsand, P., Seo, H., Lee, D., & Soltani, A. (2017). Metaplasticity as a neural substrate for adaptive...
  • Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A. G., & Buchner, A. (2007). G* Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social,...
  • Fonken, Y. M., Kam, J. W., & Knight, R. T. (2020). A differential role for human hippocampus in novelty and contextual processing: Implications...
  • Frings, C., Hommel, B., Koch, I., Rothermund, K., Dignath, D., Giesen, C., & Philipp, A. (2020). Binding and retrieval in action control...
  • Fröber, K., & Dreisbach, G. (2016). How sequential changes in reward magnitude modulate cognitive flexibility: Evidence from voluntary...
  • Ghahremani, D. G., Monterosso, J., Jentsch, J. D., Bilder, R. M., & Poldrack, R. A. (2010). Neural components underlying behavioral flexibility...
  • Glazer, J. E., Kelley, N. J., Pornpattananangkul, N., Mittal, V. A., & Nusslock, R. (2018). Beyond the FRN: Broadening the time-course...
  • Goubert, L., Vlaeyen, J. W., Crombez, G., & Craig, K. D. (2011). Learning about pain from others: An observational learning account. The...
  • Green, D. W. (1998). Mental control of the bilingual lexico-semantic system. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 1(2), 67–81.
  • Green, D. W., & Abutalebi, J. (2013). Language control in bilinguals: The adaptive control hypothesis. Journal of Cognitive Psychology,...
  • Gross, M., & Kaushanskaya, M. (2015). Voluntary language switching in English–Spanish bilingual children. Journal of Cognitive Psychology,...
  • Harris, A., Clithero, J. A., & Hutcherson, C. A. (2018). Accounting for taste: A multi-attribute neurocomputational model explains the...
  • Heikoop, K. W., Declerck, M., Los, S. A., & Koch, I. (2016). Dissociating language-switch costs from cue-switch costs in bilingual language...
  • Ihssen, N., Mussweiler, T., & Linden, D. E. (2016). Observing others stay or switch–How social prediction errors are integrated into reward...
  • Iluz-Cohen, P., & Armon-Lotem, S. (2013). Language proficiency and executive control in bilingual children. Bilingualism: Language and...
  • Izquierdo, A., Brigman, J. L., Radke, A. K., Rudebeck, P. H., & Holmes, A. (2017). The neural basis of reversal learning: An updated perspective....
  • Jackson, G. M., Swainson, R., Cunnington, R., & Jackson, S. R. (2001). ERP correlates of executive control during repeated language switching....
  • Jiao, L., Meng, N., Wang, Z., Schwieter, J. W., & Liu, C. (2022). Partially shared neural mechanisms of language control and executive...
  • Kang, C., Ma, F., Li, S., Kroll, J. F., & Guo, T. (2020). Domain-general inhibition ability predicts the intensity of inhibition on non-target...
  • Kleinsorge, T., & Rinkenauer, G. (2012). Effects of monetary incentives on task switching. Experimental Psychology, 59(4), 216–226.
  • Liu, H., Liang, L., Dunlap, S., Fan, N., & Chen, B. (2016). The effect of domain-general inhibition-related training on language switching:...
  • Liu, H., Xie, N., Zhang, M., Gao, X., Dunlap, S., & Chen, B. (2018). The electrophysiological mechanism of joint language switching: Evidence...
  • Liu, H., Tong, J., de Bruin, A., Li, W., He, Y., & Li, B. (2020). Is inhibition involved in voluntary language switching? Evidence from...
  • Liu, H., Li, W., Zuo, M., Wang, F., Guo, Z., & Schwieter, J. W. (2022). Cross-task adaptation effects of bilingual language control on...
  • Liu, D., Xing, Z., Huang, J., Schwieter, J. W., & Liu, H. (2023). Genetic bases of language control in bilinguals: Evidence from an EEG...
  • Luque, A., & Morgan-Short, K. (2021). The relationship between cognitive control and second language proficiency. Journal of Neurolinguistics,...
  • Martin, C. D., Strijkers, K., Santesteban, M., Escera, C., Hartsuiker, R. J., & Costa, A. (2013). The impact of early bilingualism on...
  • McAlonan, K., & Brown, V. J. (2003). Orbital prefrontal cortex mediates reversal learning and not attentional set shifting in the rat....
  • Misra, M., Guo, T., Bobb, S. C., & Kroll, J. F. (2012). When bilinguals choose a single word to speak: Electrophysiological evidence for...
  • Najar, A., Bonnet, E., Bahrami, B., & Palminteri, S. (2020). The actions of others act as a pseudo-reward to drive imitation in the context...
  • Nicholson, R., Karayanidis, F., Poboka, D., Heathcote, A., & Michie, P. T. (2005). Electrophysiological correlates of anticipatory task-switching...
  • Nicholson, R., Karayanidis, F., Bumak, E., Poboka, D., & Michie, P. T. (2006). ERPs dissociate the effects of switching task sets and...
  • Paap, K. R., Myuz, H. A., Anders, R. T., Bockelman, M. F., Mikulinsky, R., & Sawi, O. M. (2017). No compelling evidence for a bilingual...
  • Peterburs, J., Frieling, A., & Bellebaum, C. (2021). Asymmetric coupling of action and outcome valence in active and observational feedback...
  • Polich, J. (2007). Updating P300: An integrative theory of P3a and P3b. Clinical Neurophysiology, 118(10), 2128–2148.
  • Rautio, I. V., Holmberg, E. H., Kurup, D., Dunn, B. A., & Whitlock, J. R. (2024). A novel paradigm for observational learning in rats....
  • Schwieter, J. W., & Sunderman, G. (2008). Language switching in bilingual speech production: In search of the language-specific selection...
  • Shen, Y. J., & Chun, M. M. (2011). Increases in rewards promote flexible behavior. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 73, 938–952.
  • Shenhav, A., Botvinick, M. M., & Cohen, J. D. (2013). The expected value of control: An integrative theory of anterior cingulate cortex...
  • Snodgrass, J. G., & Vanderwart, M. (1980). A standardized set of 260 pictures: Norms for name agreement, image agreement, familiarity,...
  • Timmer, K., Christoffels, I. K., & Costa, A. (2019). On the flexibility of bilingual language control: The effect of language context....
  • Timmer, K., Grundy, J. G., & Bialystok, E. (2017). Earlier and more distributed neural networks for bilinguals than monolinguals during...
  • Wang, Z., Nan, T., Goerlich, K. S., Li, Y., Aleman, A., Luo, Y., & Xu, P. (2023). Neurocomputational mechanisms underlying fear-biased...
  • Verhoef, K., Roelofs, A., & Chwilla, D. J. (2009). Role of inhibition in language switching: Evidence from event-related brain potentials...
  • Von Borries, A. K. L., Verkes, R. J., Bulten, B. H., Cools, R., & De Bruijn, E. R. A. (2013). Feedback-related negativity codes outcome...
  • Yee, D. M., & Braver, T. S. (2018). Interactions of motivation and cognitive control. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, 19, 83–90.
  • Yeung, N., Holroyd, C. B., & Cohen, J. D. (2005). ERP correlates of feedback and reward processing in the presence and absence of response...