Community language exposure affects voice onset time patterns in Spanish-English bilingual children and functional English monolingual children

• Mayr, Robert ^[1] ; Montanari, Simona ^[3] ; Steffman, Jeremy ^[2] ; Baghom, Manifa ^[4]
  1. [1] Cardiff Metropolitan University

     Cardiff Metropolitan University

     Castle, Reino Unido

     
  2. [2] University of Edinburgh

     University of Edinburgh

     Reino Unido

     
  3. [3] Centre for Speech, Hearing and Communication Research, Cardiff Metropolitan University Department of Child and Family Studies, California State University, Los Angeles
  4. [4] Department of English, California State University, Los Angeles

  Mostrar afiliaciones +
• Localización: Bilingualism: Language and cognition, ISSN 1366-7289, Vol. 28, Nº 5, 2025, págs. 1290-1303
• Idioma: inglés
• DOI: 10.1017/s1366728925000045
• Texto completo no disponible (Saber más ...)
• Resumen

  • This study examined English VOT productions by 37 Spanish-English bilingual children and 37 matched functional monolinguals, all aged 3–6 years, from the same Latinx community. It also assessed the bilinguals’ Spanish stop productions and investigated the effects of age and language exposure on their VOT productions. The results revealed credible between-group differences on English voiced, but not voiceless, stops, with shorter VOTs for bilinguals. However, both groups exhibited similar pre-voicing levels, which may suggest an effect of the community language, Spanish, not only on the bilinguals’ English VOT patterns but also the monolinguals’. The study also found cross-linguistic differentiation of voiceless stops, but not voiced ones, in the bilinguals’ productions and revealed effects of age and exposure not only on VOT in Spanish but also in the majority language, English. These findings have important implications for the conceptualization of monolingual-bilingual comparisons in settings where the community and majority language coexist.

• Referencias bibliográficas
  • Au, T. K., Knightly, L. M., Jun, S.-A., & Oh, J. S. (2002). Overhearing a language during childhood. Psychological Science, 13, 238–243.
  • Au, T. K., Oh, J. S., Knightly, L. M., Jun, S.-A., & Romo, L. F. (2008). Salvaging a childhood language. Journal of Memory and Language,...
  • Baker, W., Trofimovich, P., Flege, J. E., Mack, M., & Halter, R. (2008). Child-adult differences in second-language phonological learning:...
  • Barlow, J., & Combiths, P. N. (2019). Monolingual speech production in a bilingual context. In Calhoun, S., Escudero, P., Tabain, M.,...
  • Bayram, F., Kubota, M., Luque, A., Cabo, D. P. y., & Rothman, J. (2021). You can’t fix what is not broken: Contextualizing the imbalance...
  • Best, C. T., & Tyler, M. D. (2007). Nonnative and second-language speech perception: commonalities and complementarities. In Bohn, O.-S.,...
  • Boersma, P., & Weenink, D. (2021). Praat: Doing phonetics by computer. http://www.fon.hum.uva.nl/praat/
  • Bürkner, P. C. (2017). brms: An R Package for bayesian multilevel models using Stan. Journal of Statistical Software, 80(1), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v080.i01
  • Bürkner, P. C. (2018). Advanced Bayesian multilevel modeling with the R package BRMS. The R Journal, 10(1), 395–411. https://doi.org/10.32614/RJ-2018-017
  • Calandruccio, L., Beninate, I., Oleson, J., Miller, M. K., Leibold, L. J., Buss, E., & Rodriguez, B. L. (2021). A simplified approach...
  • Casillas, J. V., & Simonet, M. (2016). Production and perception of the English /æ/−/ɑ/ contrast in switched-dominance speakers. Second...
  • Cho, T., & Ladefoged, P. (1999). Variation and universals in VOT: Evidence from 18 languages. Journal of Phonetics, 27, 207–229.
  • Darcy, I., & Krüger, F. (2012). Vowel perception and production in Turkish children acquiring L2 German. Journal of Phonetics, 40, 568–581.
  • Diebold, A. R. (1964). Incipient bilingualism. In Hymes, D. (Ed.), Language in culture and society: A reader in linguistics and anthropology...
  • Docherty, G. J. (1992). The timing of voicing in British English obstruents. Berlin/New York: Foris Publications.
  • Fabiano-Smith, L., & Bunta, F. (2012). Voice onset time of voiceless bilabial and velar stops in 3-year-old bilingual children and their...
  • Flege, J. E. (1995). Second language speech learning. Theory, findings, and problems. In Strange, W. (Ed.), Speech perception and linguistic...
  • Flege, J. E., & Bohn, O.-S. (2021). The revised Speech Learning Model (SLM-r). In Wayland, R. (Ed.), Second language speech learning:...
  • Flege, J. E., & Eefting, W. (1986). Linguistic and developmental effects on the production and perception of stop consonants. Phonetica,...
  • Flege, J. E., & Eefting, W. (1987). Production and perception of English stops by native Spanish speakers. Journal of Phonetics, 15, 67–83.
  • Fought, C. (2003). Chicano English in context. Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Gandour, J., Petty, S., Dardarananda, R., Dechongkit, S., & Munkgoen, S. (1986). The acquisition of the voicing contrast in Thai: A study...
  • Gathercole, V. M., & Thomas, E. M. (2009). Bilingual first language development: Dominant language takeover, threatened minority language...
  • Gildersleeve-Neumann, C. E., & Goldstein, B. (2022). Speech sound development and disorders. In Goldstein, B. (Ed.), Bilingual language...
  • Gildersleeve-Neumann, C. E., Kester, E. S., Davis, B. L., & Peña, E. D. (2008). English speech sound development in preschool-aged children...
  • Green, D. W., & Abutalebi, J. (2013). Language control in bilinguals: The adaptive control hypothesis. Journal of Cognitive Psychology,...
  • Grosjean, F. (2001). The bilingual’s language modes. In Nicol, J. (Ed.), One mind, two languages: Bilingual language processing (pp. 1–22)....
  • Herd, W. (2020). Sociophonetic voice onset time variation in Mississippi English. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 147, 596–605.
  • Hunnicutt, L., & Morris, P. A. (2016). Prevoicing and aspiration in Southern American English. University of Pennsylvania Working Papers...
  • Kang, Y., George, S., & Soo, R. (2016). Cross-language influence in the stop voicing contrast in heritage Tagalog. Heritage Language Journal,...
  • Kehoe, M., Lleó, C., & Rakow, M. (2004). Voice onset time in bilingual German-Spanish children. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition,...
  • Khattab, G. (2000). VOT in English and Arabic bilingual and monolingual children. In Nelson, D. & Foulkes, P. (Eds.), Leeds working papers...
  • Knightly, L. M., Jun, S.-A., Oh, J. S., & Au, T. K. (2003). Production benefits of childhood overhearing. Journal of the Acoustical Society...
  • Konefal, J. A., & Fokes, J. (1981) Voice onset time: The development of Spanish/English distinction in normal and language disordered...
  • Lenth, R. (2023). emmeans: Estimated Marginal Means, aka Least-Squares Means_. R package version 1.8.9. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=emmeans.
  • Lisker, L., & Abramson, A. (1964). A cross-language study of voicing in initial stops: Acoustical measurements. Word, 20, 384–422.
  • Mack, M. (1990). Phonetic transfer in a French–English bilingual child. In Nelde, P. H. (Ed.), Language attitude and language conflict (pp.107–124)....
  • Macken, M. A., & Barton, D. (1980a). The acquisition of the voicing contrast in English: A study of voice onset time in word-initial stop...
  • Macken, M. A., & Barton, D. (1980b). The acquisition of the voicing contrast in Spanish: A phonetic and phonological study of word-initial...
  • Makowski, D., Ben-Shachar, M. S., Chen, S. A., & Lüdecke, D. (2019b). Indices of effect existence and significance in the Bayesian framework....
  • Makowski, D., Ben-Shachar, M. S., & Lüdecke, D. (2019a). bayestestR: Describing effects and their uncertainty, existence and significance...
  • Makowski, D., Ben-Shachar, M. S., Patil, I., & Lüdecke, D. (2020). Estimation of model-based predictions, contrasts and means. CRAN.
  • Mayr, R., Howells, G., & Lewis, R. (2015). Asymmetries in phonological development: The case of word-final cluster acquisition in Welsh-English...
  • Mayr, R., & Montanari, S. (2015). Cross-linguistic interaction in trilingual phonological development: The role of the input in the acquisition...
  • Mayr, R., Morris, J., Mennen, I., & Williams, D. (2017). Disentangling the effects of long-term language contact and individual bilingualism:...
  • Mayr, R., & Siddika, A. (2018). Inter-generational transmission in a minority language setting: Stop consonant production by Bangladeshi...
  • McCarthy, K. M., Mahon, M., Rosen, S., & Evans, B. G. (2014). Speech perception and production by sequential bilingual children: A longitudinal...
  • McMurray, B., Kovack-Lesh, K. A., Goodwin, D., and McEchron, W. (2013). Infant directed speech and the development of speech perception: Enhancing...
  • Mennen, I., Kelly, N., Mayr, R., & Morris, J. (2020). The effects of home language and bilingualism on the realization of lexical stress...
  • Miller, J. L., Green, K. P., & Reeves, A. (1986). Speaking rate and segments: A look at the relation between speech production and speech...
  • Montanari, S., Steffman, J., & Mayr, R. (2023). Stop voicing perception in the societal and heritage language of Spanish-English bilingual...
  • Morris, R. J., McCrea, C. R., & Herring, K. D. (2008). Voice onset time differences between adult males and females: Isolated syllables....
  • Munro, S., Ball, M. J., Müller, N., Duckworth, M., & Lyddy, F. (2005). Phonological acquisition in Welsh–English bilingual children. Journal...
  • Muru, A., & Lee, S. A. (2017). Development of phonetic categories of stop consonants in Spanish-English bilingual children. Clinical Archives...
  • Ohala, J. J. (1997). The relation between phonetics and phonology. In Hardcastle, W. J., & Laver, J. (Eds.), The handbook of phonetic...
  • Pierrehumbert, J. (2003). Phonetic diversity, statistical learning, and acquisition of phonology. Language and Speech, 46, 115–154.
  • Pierrehumbert, J. B. (2001). Exemplar dynamics: Word frequency, lenition and contrast. In Bybee, J. & Hopper, P. (Eds.), Frequency and...
  • R Core Team. (2016). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. https://www.R-project.org/.
  • Ramón-Casas, M., Cortés, S., Benet, A., Lleó, C., & Bosch, L. (2023). Connecting perception and production in early Catalan-Spanish bilingual...
  • Santa Ana, O., & Bayley, R. (2008). Chicano English: Phonology. In Schneider, E. W. (Ed.), Varieties of English 2: The Americas and the...
  • Schwartz, G. (2022). Asymmetrical cross-language phonetic interaction. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism, 12, 103–132.
  • Simon, E. (2010). Child L2 development: A longitudinal case study on Voice Onset Times in word-initial stops. Journal of Child Language, 37,...
  • Stoehr, A., Benders, T., Van Hell, J.G., & Fikkert, P. (2018). Heritage language exposure impacts voice onset time of Dutch–German simultaneous...
  • Tsukada, K., Birdsong, D., Bialystok, E., Mack, M., Sung, H., & Flege, J. E. (2004). A developmental study of English vowel production...
  • Van Alphen, P. M., & Smits, R. (2004). Acoustical and perceptual analysis of the voicing distinction in Dutch initial plosives: The role...
  • Volaitis, L. E., & Miller, J. L. (1992). Phonetic prototypes: Influence of place of articulation and speaking rate on the internal structure...