Eye tracking analysis of minor details in films for audio description

• Autores: Pilar Orero Clavero , Anna Vilaró
• Localización: MonTI: Monografías de traducción e interpretación, ISSN 1889-4178, ISSN-e 1989-9335, Nº. 4, 2012 (Ejemplar dedicado a: Multidisciplinarity in Audiovisual Translation / Multidisciplinarietat en traducció audiovisual / coord. por Rosa Agost Canós , Pilar Orero Clavero , Elena Di Giovanni ), págs. 295-319
• Idioma: inglés
• DOI: 10.6035/MonTI.2012.4.13
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Dialnet Métricas: 8 Citas
• Resumen
  • español

    Este artículo estudia los numerosos pequeños detalles que hay en la narrativa visual de las películas y que aunque aparentemente insignificantes pueden tener una repercusión directa en el desarrollo de la narrativa visual y la trama. El tema principal es analizar si los detalles muy sutiles –que fácilmente pueden pasar desapercibidos para el espectador– deben describirse. Para evaluar la conciencia visual de estos detalles, hemos llevado a cabo un experimento utilizando la tecnología de eye-tracking acompañada de cuestionarios. Aunque el resultado no es concluyente, debido a la complejidad del formato del corpus de análisis, se muestra un claro enfoque metodológico en el campo de la audiodescripción de los detalles visuales, y se apunta a futuros estudios y análisis. El artículo concluye con una alusión a otras pruebas y análisis que podrían llevarse a cabo utilizando la tecnología de eye-tracking.

  • English

    This article focuses on the many instances when minute details found in feature films may have direct implications upon the development of both the visual and plot narratives. The main question we would like to ask examines whether very subtle details which may easily go unnoticed by the viewer should be audio described. To assess the visual consciousness of such minute details, a perception experiment was conducted using eye-tracking technology and questionnaires. Though the result is not conclusive, it shows a clear methodological approach in the field of the audio description of visual details, and does give some indication as to what should be taken into consideration in future studies and analysis. The article concludes by hinting at further tests and analyses which could be undertaken using eye-tracking technology.

• Referencias bibliográficas
  • Benecke, Bernd. (2007) “Audio Description: Phenomena of Information Sequencing”. MUTRA. Full-text version at: http://www.euroconferences.info/proceedings/2007_Proceedings/2007_Benecke_Bernd.pdf...
  • Bordwell, David. (1985) Narration in the Fiction Film. London: Methuen.
  • Bourne, Julian & Catalina Jiménez Hurtado. (2007) “From the Visual to the Verbal in Two Languages: a Contrastive Analysis of the Audio...
  • Braun, Sabine. (2007) “Audio Description from a discourse perspective: a socially relevant framework for research and training”. LANS 6. pp....
  • Braun, Sabine. (2008) “Audiodescription Research: state of the art and beyond”. Translation Studies in the New Millennium 6. pp. 14-30.
  • Burr, David; Maria Concetta Morrone & John Ross. (1996) “Selective suppression of the magnocellular visual pathway during saccades”. Behavioral...
  • Chafe, Wallace. (ed.) (1980) The Pear Stories: Cognitive, Cultural and Linguistic Aspects of Narrative Production. Norwood & New Jersey:...
  • Chatman, Seymour. (1990) Coming to Terms. The Rhetoric of Narrative in Fiction and Film. Ithaca & London: Cornell University Press.
  • Deubel, Heiner & Werner Schneider. (1996) “Saccade target selection and object recognition: Evidence for a common attentional mechanism”....
  • Eco, Umberto. (2003) Mouse or Rat? Translation as Negotiation. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
  • Germeis, Filip & Géry d’Ydewalle. (2007) “The psychology of film: perceiving beyond the cut”. Psychological Research 71. pp. 458-466.
  • Gibson, James J. (1986) The ecological approach to visual perception. Hillsdale & New Jersey: Ed. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Goldstein, E. Bruce. (2006) Sensation and perception. Pacific Grove, CA: Wadsworth.
  • Holsanova, Jana. (1996) “Attention Movements in Language and Vision”. In: Representations and Processes between Vision and NL. Proceedings...
  • Holsanova, Jana. (2008) Discourse, vision, and cognition. Human Cognitive Processes 23. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing...
  • Hochberg, Julian. (1986). “Representation of motion and space in video and cinematic displays”. In: Boff, Kenneth R.; Lloyd Kaufman &...
  • Hochberg, Julian & Virginia Brooks. (1996) “The perception of motion pictures”. In: Friedman, Morton P. & Edward C. Carterette (eds.)...
  • Hoffman, James. (1998) “Visual attention and eye movements”. In: Pashler, Harold (ed.) 1998. Attention. Studies in cognition. London: Psychology...
  • Holland, Andrew. (2009) “Audio Description in the Theatre and the Visual Arts: Images into Words”. In: Anderman, Gunilla & Jorge Díaz-Cintas...
  • Just, Marcel Adam & Patricia A. Carpenter (1980) “A theory of reading: From eye fixations to comprehension”. Psychological Review 87....
  • Kruger, Jan Louis. (2009). “The translation of narrative fiction: impostulating the narrative origo”. Perspectives: Studies in Translatology...
  • Kruger, Jan Louis. (2010) “Audio narration: re-narrativising film”. Perspectives 18:3. pp. 231-249.
  • Navarrete, Francisco Javier. (2005) “Sistema Audesc: el fin de los Susurros”, Seminario sobre medios de comunicación sin barreras. Full text-version...
  • Maiche, Alejandro & Leonel Gómez. (forthcoming) “La Visión: de los fotorreceptores a la percepción”. In: Redolar, Diego (ed.) Barcelona:...
  • O’regan, J. Kevin & Alva Noë. (2001) “A sensorimotor account of vision and visual consciousness”. Behavioral and brain sciences 24. pp....
  • Orero, Pilar. (2005) “Audio Description: Professional Recognition, Practice and Standards in Spain”. Translation Watch Quarterly 1. pp. 7-18.
  • Orero, Pilar. (forthcoming). “Audio Description for Children: Once upon a time there was a different audio description for characters”. In:...
  • Palermo, Romina & Gillian Rhodes. (2007). “Are you always on my mind? A review of how face perception and attention interact”. Neuropsychologia...
  • Phelan, James. (1996) Narrative as Rhetoric. Technique, Audiences, Ethics, Ideology. Columbus: Ohio State University Press.
  • Posner, Michael I. (1980) “Orienting of attention”. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 32. pp. 3-25.
  • Pujol, Joaquim & Pilar Orero. (2007). “Audio description precursors: Ekphrasis, film narrators and radio journalists”. Translation Watch...
  • Purves, Dale; R. Beau Lotto & Surajit Nundy. (2002) “Why we see what we do”. American Scientist 90:3. pp. 236-243.
  • Purves, Dale; Willian T. Wojtach & Catherine Q. Howe. (2008). “Visual illusions: An Empirical Explanation”. Scholarpedia 3:6. pp. 3706....
  • Romero-Fresco, Pablo. (forthcoming) “Standing on quicksand: Hearing viewers’ comprehension and reading patterns of respoken subtitles for...
  • Snyder, Joel. (2008) “The Visual Made Verbal”. In: Díaz Cintas, Jorge (ed.) 2008. The didactics of Audiovisual Translation. Amsterdam: John...
  • Sperber, Dan & Deirdre Wilson. (1986) Relevance: Communication and Cognition. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
  • Tallis, Raymond. (2008) “License my roving hands. Does neuroscience really have anything to teach us about the pleasures of reading John Done?”...
  • Vercauteren, Gert. (2007) “Towards a European Guideline for Audio Description.” In: Díaz Cintas, Jorge; Pilar Orero & Aline Remael (eds.)...
  • Vercauteren, Gert. (forthcoming) “A Narratological Approach to Content Selection in Audio Description. Towards a Strategy for the Description...
  • Yarbus, Alfred L. (1967) Eye Movements and Vision. New York: Plenum.