The future of written culture: Envisioning language in the New Millennium

• Autores: Naomi S. Baron
• Localización: Ibérica: Revista de la Asociación Europea de Lenguas para Fines Específicos ( AELFE ), ISSN-e 2340-2784, ISSN 1139-7241, Nº. 9, 2005, págs. 7-31
• Idioma: inglés
• Títulos paralelos:
  • El futuro de la cultura escrita: la lengua en el Nuevo Milenio
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo (pdf)
• Resumen
  • español

    A lo largo de los últimos tres siglos, una buena parte de Europa ha pasado de ser una cultura oral a una que se ha basado fundamentalmente en la palabra impresa. La cultura impresa floreció durante más de 200 años. Sin embargo, gracias en buena medida a cambios sociales fundamentales, combinados con mejoras importantes en las tecnologías para la escritura, el futuro de la cultura escrita tal y como la conocemos se encuentra cada vez más cuestionado.

    Este artículo identifica los parámetros específicos que históricamente han definido la cultura escrita y considera la viabilidad de estos parámetros en el nuevo milenio. Se hace especial hincapié en el papel del ordenador (y en las tecnologías basadas en el ordenador) a la hora de reconfigurar nuestra relación tanto con la palabra escrita como con la palabra impresa.

    Aunque la discusión se centra en los Estados Unidos, las conclusiones del artículo deberían encontrar eco en otras sociedades contemporáneas en las que variables tecnológicas y sociales similares están en juego

  • English

    In the course of the past three centuries, much of Europe was transformed from an oral culture into one that was fundamentally grounded in the printed word. Print culture flowered for more than 200 years. However, thanks, in large part, to fundamental social changes, coupled with significant developments in writing technologies, the future of written culture as we have known it is increasingly in question. This paper identifies specific parameters that historically came to define written culture and considers the viability of these parameters in the new millennium. Particular emphasis is given to the role of the computer (and computer-based technologies) in reshaping our relationship with both the written and the printed word. While the discussion focuses on the United States, the paper's conclusions should resonate in other contemporary societies in which similar technological and social variables are at work

• Referencias bibliográficas
  • Amory, H. (1996). “The Trout and the Milk: An Ethnobibliographical Talk.” Harvard Library Bulletin 7,1: 50-65.
  • Barlow, J. P. (1997). “The Economy of Ideas: Everything You Know about Intellectual Property is Wrong” in A. D. Moore (ed.), Intellectual...
  • Baron, N. (2000). Alphabet to Email: How Written English Evolved and Where It’s Heading. London: Routledge.
  • Baron, N. (2002). “Who Sets Email Style: Prescriptivism, Coping Strategies, and Democratizing Communication Access.” The Information Society...
  • Baron, N. (2003). “Why Email Looks like Speech: Proofreading, Punctuation, and Public Face” in J. Aitchison & D. Lewis (eds.), New Media...
  • Berland, K., J. K. Gilliam, & K. A. Lockridge (eds.) (2001). The Commonplace Book of William Byrd II of Westover. Williamsburg, VA, and...
  • Branscum, D. (2001). “Who’s Blogging Now?” Newsweek(5 March), 62-63.
  • Bruns, G. (1980). “The Originality of Texts in a Manuscript Culture.” Comparative Literature 32: 113-129.
  • Burrow, J. A. (1982). Medieval Writers and Their Work. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Casson, L. (2001). Libraries in the Ancient World. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Chadwick, J. (1959). “A Prehistoric Bureaucracy.” Diogenes 26: 7-18.
  • Chartier, R. (ed.) (1989). The Culture of Print: Power and the Uses of Print in Early Modern Europe, trans. L. G. Cochrane. Princeton, NJ:...
  • Clanchy, M. T. (1993). From Memory to Written Record: England 1066- 1307, 2nd ed. Oxford: Blackwell.
  • Coleman, J. (1996). Public Reading and the Reading Public in Late Medieval England and France. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Coulmas, F. (1989). Writing Systems of the World. Oxford: Blackwell.
  • Cressy, D. (1980). Literacy and the Social Order: Reading and Writing in Tudor and Stuart England. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Crystal, D. (2001). Language and the Internet. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Danet, B. & B. Bogoch (1992). “From Oral Ceremony to Written Document: The Transitional Language of Anglo-Saxon Wills.” Language and...
  • The Digital Dilemma(2000). National Research Council, Committee on Intellectual Property and the Emerging Information Infrastructure. Washington,...
  • Eisenstein, E. (1979). The Printing Press as an Agent of Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Epstein, J. (2001). Book Business: Publishing Past Present and Future. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
  • Eriksen, T. H. (2001). Tyranny of the Moment: Fast and Slow Time in the Information Age. London: Pluto Press.
  • Ezell, M. J. M. (1999). Social Authorship and the Advent of Print. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
  • Feather, J. (1988). A History of British Printing. London: Croom Helm.
  • Gere, A. R. (1987). Writing Groups: History, Theory, and Implications. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press.
  • Gibson, J. J. (1979). The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception. New York: Houghton Mifflin.
  • Gluck, J. (1999). Faster: The Acceleration of Just About Everything. New York: Vintage Books.
  • Gottlieb, N. (2000). Word-Processing Technology in Japan: Kanji and the Keyboard. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon.
  • Haefner, R. (1932). The Typewriter in the Primary and Intermediate Grades: A Basic Educational Instrument for Younger Children. New York:...
  • Hafner, K. (2001). “Web Sites Begin to Get Organized, on Their Own.” New York TimesCircuits, 18 January, E1.
  • Hale, C. & J. Scanlon (1999). Wired Style. New York: Broadway Books.
  • Hård af Segerstad, Y. (2002). Uses and Adaptation of Written Language to the Conditions of Computer-Mediated Communication. Department of...
  • Harnad, S. (2001-2002). “Skyreading and Skywriting for Researchers: A Post-Gutenberg Anomaly and How to Resolve It” in text-e.org.
  • Harris, W. (1989). Ancient Literacy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Hornbeak, K. (1934). “The Complete Letter Writer in English, 1568-1800.” Smith College Studies in Modern Languages15, 3-4.
  • Jaszi, P. (1991). “Toward a Theory of Copyright: The Metamorphoses of ‘Authorship’.” Duke Law Journal, April, 455-502.
  • Kaestle, C. F., H. Damon-Moore, L. C. Stedman, K. Tinsley, & W. V. Trollinger, Jr. (1991). Literacy in the United States: Readers and Reading...
  • Kastan, D. S. (2001). Shakespeare and the Book. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Levy, D. (2001). Scrolling Forward: Making Sense of Documents in the Digital Age. New York: Arcade Publishing.
  • Lipking, L. (1998). Samuel Johnson: The Life of an Author. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Love, H. (1993). Scribal Publication in Seventeenth-Century England. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  • Minnis, A. J. (1988). Medieval Theories of Authorship, 2nd ed. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania.
  • Mitchell, W. (1995). City of Bits: Space, Place, and the Infobahn. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Moss, A. (1996). Printed Commonplace-Books and the Structuring of Renaissance Thought. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  • Moxon, J. (1683-1684 / 1962). Mechanick Exercises, reprinted ed. (H. David & H. Carter, eds.). London: Oxford University Press.
  • Negroponte, N. (1995). Being Digital. New York: Alfred Knopf.
  • Nunberg, G. (ed.) (1996). The Future of the Book. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
  • Parker, I. (2001). “Absolute PowerPoint.” The New Yorker (28 May), 76.
  • Parkes, M. B. (1991). Scribes, Scripts, and Readers: Studies in the Communication, Presentation, and Dissemination of Medieval Texts. London:...
  • Rheingold, H. (2000). The Virtual Community, revised ed. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Roberts, C. H. & T. C. Skeat (1983). The Birth of the Codex. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Robertson, J. (1942). The Art of Letter Writing: An Essay on the Handbooks Published in England during the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries....
  • Rose, M. (1993). Authors and Owners: The Invention of Copyright. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Saenger, P. (1982). “Silent Reading: Its Impact on Late Medieval Script and Society.” Viator 13: 367-414.
  • Saenger, P. (1997). Spaces between Words: The Origin of Silent Reading. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
  • Sassoon, R. (1993). The Art and Science of Handwriting. Oxford: Intellect.
  • Saunders, J. W. (1951). “The Stigma of Print: A Note on the Social Basis of Tudor Poetry.” Essays in Criticism 1: 139-164.
  • Sellen, A. J. & R. Harper (2001). The Myth of the Paperless Office. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Steiner, G. (1988). “The End of Bookishness.” Times Literary Supplement (8-14 July), 754.
  • Stoddard, P. (1985). “The Effects of the WANDAH Program on the Writing Productivity of High School Students.” Paper presented at the UCLA...
  • Taylor, A. S. & R. Harper (2002). “Age-Old Practices in the ‘New’ World: A Study of Gift-Giving between Teenage Mobile Phone Users.” SIGCHI:...
  • Thornton, T. P. (1996). Handwriting in America. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
  • Transactions of the Book (2001). A Conference at the Folger Shakespeare Library, Washington, DC, 1-3 November.
  • Tufte, E. The Cognitive Style of PowerPoint. Cheshire, CT: Graphics Press.
  • Ullman, B. L. (1960). The Origin and Development of Humanistic Script. Rome: Edizioni di Storia e Letteratura.
  • Woodmansee, M. (1984). “The Genius and the Copyright: Economic and Legal Conditions of the Emergence of the ‘Author’.” Eighteenth-Centuries...
  • Woodmansee, M. & P. Jaszi (eds.) (1994). The Construction of Authorship: Textual Appropriation in Law and Literature. Durham, NC: Duke...