Joyce Tolliver
Recent theorists of translation (Venuti, de Beaugrande, Spivsk, et al) have suggested that, inevitably, translation carries an ideological weight: not only is translation always first interpretation, but also it is always implicated in relationships of cultural dominance and subordination. Venuti's vision of translation as "rewriting" takes on deeper meaning when we also attend to the metaphorícal translation "from feminine to masculine," st Rosario Ferré puts it, within the writings of women living in cultures hostile to feminine artistic creation. En las orillas del Sar, with its frequent use of ambiguous grammatical subjects, provided numerous challenges to English-language translators. A comparison of two published translations of this work, both of which resolve the poems' ambiguities of person and gender, highlights the equivocal nature of post-romantic gendered subjectivity in this work. At the same time, the two contrasting translations reveal the crucial role played by gender in the translator's "rewriting."