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The main objective of the article is to understand the roots of compromise literature in condition of war and exile in the writing of Spanish author José Herrera Petere Guadalajara, 1909–Geneva, 1977 during Spanish War and Franco dictatorship. The analysis, conducted from cultural studies and literary historiography perspectives, is based on two books: Cumbres de Extremadura and Carpio de Tajo and their social, cultural and political contexts. Therefore Cumbres de Extremadura, considered to be his best novel, shows Petere’s committed writing on anti-fascists guerrilla and idealistic approach to the communist party. This novel stage adaptation, drama Carpio de Tajo, also shows the value of guerillas fight against fascism, but also represents the solitude and ideological breakdown of his exile. In a sort, social, cultural and political contexts of these books demonstrate how strong was the attraction of Spanish intellectuals as Herrera Petere to communist ideas making a radical transformation from surrealism to social realistic writing.
