Acceso usuarios
María Eugenia Martí
El presente trabajo se centra en el análisis de documentos oficiales emitidos desde el Comissariato Generale dell’Emigrazione, un organismo estatal italiano creado con el objetivo de proveer información a los sujetos de la emigración masiva. Los textos a considerar serán Avvertenze per chi emigra negli Stati Uniti dell’America del Nord (1902), Avvertenze popolari per gli emigranti, intorno alla legge sull’emigrazione (1902) y Avvertenze per l’Emigrante Italiano (s/f). Aunque se presenten como manuales instructivos, se comportan como textos prescriptivos que exhortan a los emigrantes a preservar su vínculo con el país de origen a través de la conservación de “la lengua materna”. Este estudio se interroga sobre la concepción de “lengua italiana” que se inscribe en los manuales, enunciada en singular sin observar las variedades que hablaban los sujetos concretos. De este modo, es posible considerar esta concepción de lengua como un constructo abstracto y aglutinante que borra diferencias específicas y aporta rasgos definitorios capaces de otorgar identidad trasportable y transmisible a la descendencia. Asimismo, la indagación en estos textos permite identificar orientaciones contradictorias de las políticas lingüísticas desarrolladas por Italia y Argentina para lidiar con las consecuencias de la inmigración masiva de italianos a ese país sudamericano.
The present work focuses on the analysis of official documents issued by the Comissariato Generale dell’Emigrazione, an Italian state agency created with the objective of providing information to the subjects of the mass emigration. The texts to be considered will be Avvertenze per chi emigra negli Stati Uniti dell’America del Nord (1902), Avvertenze popolari per gli emigranti, intorno alla legge sull’emigrazione (1902) and Avvertenze per l’Emigrante Italiano. Although they are presented as instructional manuals, they behave as prescriptive texts that urge emigrants to preserve their link with the land of origin through the preservation of “the mother tongue”. This study questions the conception of “Italian language” that is inscribed in the manuals. It is enunciated in the singular number, without observing the varieties that were spoken by the concrete subjects. In this way, it is possible to consider this conception of language as an abstract and agglutinative construct that erases specific differences and provides defining features capable of granting transferable and transmittable identity to the emigrant’s offspring. Therefore, this research allows identifying the contradictory orientation of the linguistic policies developed by Italy and Argentina to deal with the consequences of the Italian mass immigration to that South American country.
