Juan Carlos Alonso Juárez
Programas como Erasmus+ de la Unión Europea (2014-2020) apuestan por la promoción del plurilingüismo y de la diversidad de lenguas y culturas. Sin embargo, apenas existen estudios que hagan referencia a las percepciones sobre dicha diversidad de los adolescentes en España. El presente trabajo ofrece los resultados de un estudio donde se investigó, durante el curso escolar 2015-2016, la sensibilidad hacia la diversidad lingüística y cultural en una muestra de adolescentes (N=364) procedentes de colegios e institutos españoles seleccionados al azar. Como herramienta de investigación principal, se utilizaron encuestas. Para tal fin, se diseñaron unos cuestionarios -'actitud hacia la diversidad de lenguas y culturas' ( 14 ítems) y 'apertura a la alteridad lingüística y cultural' (9 ítems)- cuyas propriedades psicométricas resultaron satisfactorias. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que existe en España durante la adolescencia temprana una notable sensibilidad hacia la diversidad lingüística y cultural, que aumenta significativamente a medida que intervienen variables como la presencia de alumnado extranjero en las aulas de Primaria.
Impact of the migratory phenomenon on sensitivity to linguistic and cultural diversity during early adolescence in Spain. Programmes such as Erasmus+ of the European Union (2014-2020) are committed to the promotion of plurilingualism and diversity of languages and cultures. However, there are hardly any studies that ref er to perceptions of adolescents in Spain about the forementioned diversity. This work provides the results of a study in which sensitivity to linguistic and cultural diversity was investigated during the 2015-2016 school year in a sample of adolescents (N =364) from Spanish schools selected at random. As a main research tool, surveys have been used. To this end, questionnaires were designed -'attitude towards diversity of languages and cultures' (14 items) and 'openness to linguistic and cultural alterity' (9 items)- and the psychometric properties of the instruments have been found to be satisfactory. The results obtained show that there is a significant sensitivity to linguistic and cultural diversity during early adolescence that increases significantly when intervening variables such as the presence of foreign students in primary classrooms.