Juan de Iriarte, a well-known Neolatin writer, author of a Latin Grammar and translator of the Classics, wrote a number of commentaries and articles on several phylological aspects. One of his commentaries on a Classical author, which I intend to analyse in this paper, is based on his critique of Diego Suárez de Figueroa’s translation of Ovid’s works. On the one hand, his commentaries share the Classical thinking of translation and, on the other, they anticipate new aspects that would later be developed by linguistically-oriented theories of translation.