Metáforas por las que juzgamos: Un estudio basado en corpus del uso de metáforas en el discurso jurídico en inglés

• Autores: Petar Božović
• Localización: Revista signos: estudios de lingüística, ISSN-e 0718-0934, ISSN 0035-0451, Vol. 57, Nº. 115, 2024, págs. 402-425
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.4151/s0718-0934202401150905
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Metaphors we judge by: A corpus-based study of metaphor use in English legal discourse
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Resumen
  • español

    Las metáforas constituyen una herramienta omnipresente del lenguaje legal que reflejan y moldean la percepción, interpretación y aplicación de la normativa legal en las respectivas jurisdicciones. Este estudio tiene por objetivo analizar y ayudar a comprender mejor la estructura cognitiva y el uso en general de la metáfora en el REVISTA SIGNOS.ESTUDIOS DE LINGÜÍSTICA 2024,57(115) 403discurso legal con un enfoque específico en las sentencias de la Corte de Justicia Europea. Para estos fines, el cuerpo de sentencias de Eur-Lex ha sido examinado empleando métodos basados en el corpus y utilizando también el motor de búsqueda Sketch Engine para determinar las conceptualizaciones metafóricas más frecuentemente usadas en cinco acepciones-objeto: LEYES, TRIBUNAL, DERECHOS, DISCRIMINACIÓN y COMPAÑÍA. A la par de revelar las conceptualizaciones metafóricas más empleadas para las acepciones-objeto, los datos obtenidos reflejan que las metáforas analizadas no son conceptualizaciones mentales incidentales o aisladas, sino más bien parte de un conjunto conceptual integrado en una variedad de relaciones. Adicionalmente, algunas implicaciones han sido derivadas para la enseñanza del inglés legal al promoverse el uso de las metáforas mientras se emplea la metodología sustentada en el corpus para el desarrollo de un auténtico y efectivo material de enseñanza ESP basado en la evidencia, de forma que se fomente la competencia metafórica, área esta que ha quedado sorprendentemente descuidada en los textos legales en inglés.

  • English

    Metaphors are an all-pervasive feature of legal language that reflects and shapes the perception, interpretation, and application of the law across jurisdictions. This study aims to map and enhance the understanding of the cognitive structure and overall usage of metaphors in legal discourse, focusing specifically on the genre of judgments of the European Court of Justice. To this end, the Eur-Lex judgments corpus has been scrutinized by using the corpus-based methods and the Sketch Engine corpus query tool for determining the most frequently used conceptual metaphors for five target domains: LAW, COURT, RIGHTS, DISCRIMINATION, and COMPANY. Along with unearthing the most typically used metaphoric conceptualizations for the target domains, the data suggest that the analyzed metaphors are not incidental, isolated, mental conceptualizations, but rather part of a conceptual cluster forming a variety of relations. Additionally, some implications have been drawn for teaching legal English by advocating the introduction of metaphors while illustrating the use of the corpus-based methodology for the development of effective evidence-based authentic ESP teaching materials to foster metaphoric competence, an area surprisingly neglected in legal English textbooks.

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