Acceso usuarios
, Encarnación Postigo Pinazo (secret.) , Albert Morales Moreno (voc.) The main working assumption of this thesis was that mediated and non-mediated names in EU discourse and their verbal patterns should be fully studied as translation or interpreting shifts, and as translationese and interpretese in comparison to non-mediated language, with the help of suitable language technologies, and preferably in two or more languages, to establish whether they respond to a certain degree of construction in any of their textual coordinates. This implies a theoretical approach based on Construction Grammar (Goldberg 1995), which allows the study of verbal patterns with names as symbolic argument-structure constructions, and the patterns within names as onomastic constructions. Construction Grammar also employs a highly rationalised meta-language (the constructional notation) which permits systematic applications of corpus-based data analyses to didactics and computational linguistics.
The chosen language directions were English and Spanish, studied bidirectionally (English < > Spanish). The language technologies regarded as suitable were intermodal corpora, Named Entity Recognition (NER), corpus-based pattern extraction, online dictionaries, and institutional terminology management systems (TMS). An intermodal corpus called PETIMOD was compiled ad hoc for this research. PETIMOD is the first-ever intermodal corpus from the European Parliament Petitions Committee or PETI, designed to undertake contrastive studies, and fitted to comprehend all the English and Spanish discourse produced in PETI during the 9th European legislature.
The most relevant results of the study are the following: (1) Translation and interpreting shift in names can be correlated to language directions, mediation modes, and semantic categories. This multifactorial approach stress-tests the universal state granted in the literature to some translating and interpreting behaviours. According to our numbers, the normalisation of names is a language-dependent feature of English > Spanish translation, whereas transformation and simplification are more prominent in Spanish > English interpreting and strongly linked to chrematonyms. (2) Spanish translated verbal patterns with names tends to conform to Spanish norms and exhibit some degree of explicitation. By contrast, English interpreted patterns exhibit less variation, which points to simplification again. (3) At a higher syntactic level, organisation names were found to be heavily associated with verbal personification across all EU subcorpora, mediated and non-mediated. In English, personification was instantiated by the argument-structure construction [ORG + V + that + SC]. This transversality can be taken as a clear sign of the prototypicality of personification in EU texts. (4) At a lower syntactic level, organisation names in EU discourse conform different mediating and non-mediating schemes. The schemes are unevenly distributed among languages and mediation modes. Non-translated and non-interpreted EU discourse contain a respective percentage of translated and interpreted organisations. These mediating and non-mediating schemes can also be read constructionally, as strategic devices used by EU translators and interpreters to neutralise conflict or underline national identity through names. (5) The utility of Construction Grammar to unveil and describe names at the English and Spanish EU discourse can be applied to the design of constructional templates. These are conceived as didactic exercises for translation and interpreting trainees, or for legal drafters interested in onomastics and terminology. They can be equally useful for practising constructional notation.
