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Since Ramón Menéndez Pidal’s influential Orígenes del español, the County of Ribagorça (Upper Aragon, Spain) has been considered a classic example of a frontier territory with a hybrid language, subordinate to Aragonese and Catalan from the Middle Ages until the present. Examining late Latin documents produced in the County of Ribagorça between 900–1050, information from toponomy and actual language use, and unpublished field research data, this paper suggests that several traits of the actual language of Ribagorça (Ribagorçano) were already latent in the early Romance spoken in the region before the founding of the Kingdon of Aragon (1044) and the Principality of Catalonia (1190). Therefore, Ribagorça should be considered a new autonomous linguistic space in the Iberian Peninsula during the Middle Ages.
